000 05057nam a22005175i 4500
001 978-1-4020-8466-9
003 DE-He213
005 20161121231139.0
007 cr nn 008mamaa
008 100301s2008 ne | s |||| 0|eng d
020 _a9781402084669
_9978-1-4020-8466-9
024 7 _a10.1007/978-1-4020-8466-9
_2doi
050 4 _aQD450-882
072 7 _aPNR
_2bicssc
072 7 _aSCI013050
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a541
_223
245 1 0 _aDetection of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism
_h[electronic resource] /
_cedited by Hiltmar Schubert, Andrey Kuznetsov.
246 3 _aProceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Detection of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism, St. Petersburg, Russia, 17-19 October 2007
264 1 _aDordrecht :
_bSpringer Netherlands,
_c2008.
300 _aXI, 233 p.
_bonline resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
490 1 _aNATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics,
_x1874-6500
505 0 _aThe Terrorist Pallet of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Fuels -- Overview of Liquid Explosives’ Detection -- Chemistry and Properties of Liquid Explosives -- What’s Special About Liquid Explosives? -- Search of Explosives in Vehicles by Using Tagged Neutrons -- Optimization of Hardware for Tagged Neutron Technology -- Detection of Liquid and Homemade Explosives: What Do We Need to Know About Their Properties? -- Detector of Hazardous Substances Based on Nanosecond Neutron Analysis -- Some Detection Procedures for Liquid Explosives -- Detection of Explosives Using Nuclear Resonance Absorption of Gamma Rays in Nitrogen: A Russian/US Collaboration -- A Device for Detecting Concealed Explosives -- Trace and Bulk Detection of Explosives by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Neutron Analysis -- Possibilities of Liquid Explosives Countermeasures at Airports -- Close-Range and Standoff Detection and Identification of Liquid Explosives by Means of Raman Spectroscopy -- Directional Detection of Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Explosives by Use of a DD-Fusion-Driven Thermal Neutron Source -- Discrimination of the Explosives from Other Materials by Using the Tagged Neutron Beam -- Detection of Liquid Explosives and/or Flammable Liquids by Different Techniques -- Hilbert Spectroscopy of Liquids for Security Screening -- Liquid Explosives – The Threat to Civil Aviation and the European Response -- Miniaturized Photonic Sensor Devices for Real Time Explosive Detection -- Conceptual Design of a Hand-Held Liquid Detector Based on Compton Scatter.
520 _aThe organization of an Advanced Research Workshop with the title “Detection and Disposal of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism” was motivated by international findings about activities in this field of application. This ARW followed a meeting about the “Detection of Disposal Improvised Explosives” (St. Petersburg, 2005). Both items show the logistic problems as one of the lessons, terrorists have to overcome. These problems are connected with the illegal supply and transport of explosives and fuels and as counter-measure the detection of these materials. The invention of liquid explosives goes back to the middle of the 19th century and was used for special purposes in the commercial field of application. Because of the high sensitivity of liquid explosives against mechanical shock, caused by adiabatic compression of air-bobbles producing “hot spots” as origin of initiation the commercial application was not very successful. Because of this high risk, liquid explosives are not used in military or commercial application with some exceptions. In the commercial field explosives as slurries or emulsions consisting of suitable salts (Ammoniumnitrate etc.) and water are used to a large extend because of their high insensitivity. In many cases these slurries or emulsions were unfit for terrorist actions, because of their low sensitivity, large critical diameter and using in confinement. In the military field liquid explosives are used in World War I and II as bomb-fillings.
650 0 _aChemistry.
650 0 _aAnalytical chemistry.
650 0 _aPhysical chemistry.
650 0 _aPhysical measurements.
650 0 _aMeasurement.
650 1 4 _aChemistry.
650 2 4 _aPhysical Chemistry.
650 2 4 _aAnalytical Chemistry.
650 2 4 _aMeasurement Science and Instrumentation.
700 1 _aSchubert, Hiltmar.
_eeditor.
700 1 _aKuznetsov, Andrey.
_eeditor.
710 2 _aSpringerLink (Online service)
773 0 _tSpringer eBooks
776 0 8 _iPrinted edition:
_z9781402084652
830 0 _aNATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics,
_x1874-6500
856 4 0 _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8466-9
912 _aZDB-2-CMS
950 _aChemistry and Materials Science (Springer-11644)
999 _c509272
_d509272