000 03801nam a22005535i 4500
001 978-3-540-74668-3
003 DE-He213
005 20161121230919.0
007 cr nn 008mamaa
008 100301s2008 gw | s |||| 0|eng d
020 _a9783540746683
_9978-3-540-74668-3
024 7 _a10.1007/978-3-540-74668-3
_2doi
050 4 _aGB1001-1199.8
072 7 _aRBK
_2bicssc
072 7 _aSCI081000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a551.4
_223
100 1 _aMerkel, Broder J.
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aGroundwater Geochemistry
_h[electronic resource] :
_bA Practical Guide to Modeling of Natural and Contaminated Aquatic Systems /
_cby Broder J. Merkel, Britta Planer-Friedrich ; edited by Darrell K. Nordstrom.
250 _a2nd Edition.
264 1 _aBerlin, Heidelberg :
_bSpringer Berlin Heidelberg,
_c2008.
300 _aXI, 230 p.
_bonline resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
505 0 _aTheoretical Background -- Hydrogeochemical Modeling Programs -- Exercises -- Solutions.
520 _aTo understand hydrochemistry and to analyze natural as well as man-made impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the 1960’s and more frequently in recent times. Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown parameters, is a routine task for a PC. Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic data, such as complex formation constants and solubility-products, are often provided as databases within the respective programs. However, the description of surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data. Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surface-controlled or kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration. Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are: • speciation • determination of saturation indices • adjustment of equilibria/disequilibria for minerals or gases • mixing of different waters • modeling the effects of temperature • stoichiometric reactions (e.g. titration) • reactions with solids, fluids, and gaseous phases (in open and closed systems) • sorption (cation exchange, surface complexation) • inverse modeling • kinetically controlled reactions • reactive transport Hydrogeochemical models depend on the quality of the chemical analysis, the boundary conditions presumed by the program, theoretical concepts (e.g.
650 0 _aEarth sciences.
650 0 _aHydrology.
650 0 _aAnalytical chemistry.
650 0 _aHydrogeology.
650 0 _aGeotechnical engineering.
650 0 _aEcotoxicology.
650 1 4 _aEarth Sciences.
650 2 4 _aHydrogeology.
650 2 4 _aHydrology/Water Resources.
650 2 4 _aAnalytical Chemistry.
650 2 4 _aGeotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences.
650 2 4 _aEarth Sciences, general.
650 2 4 _aEcotoxicology.
700 1 _aPlaner-Friedrich, Britta.
_eauthor.
700 1 _aNordstrom, Darrell K.
_eeditor.
710 2 _aSpringerLink (Online service)
773 0 _tSpringer eBooks
776 0 8 _iPrinted edition:
_z9783540746676
856 4 0 _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74668-3
912 _aZDB-2-EES
950 _aEarth and Environmental Science (Springer-11646)
999 _c505841
_d505841