000 05261nam a22006015i 4500
001 978-1-4020-3356-8
003 DE-He213
005 20161121230814.0
007 cr nn 008mamaa
008 100301s2005 ne | s |||| 0|eng d
020 _a9781402033568
_9978-1-4020-3356-8
024 7 _a10.1007/1-4020-3356-7
_2doi
050 4 _aK3581-3598.22
050 4 _aGE170
050 4 _aHC79.E5
050 4 _aGE220
072 7 _aLNKJ
_2bicssc
072 7 _aRNA
_2bicssc
072 7 _aLAW034000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a344.046
_223
082 0 4 _a363.70561
_223
245 1 4 _aThe Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements
_h[electronic resource] :
_bDesign, Implementation and Evaluation Issues /
_cedited by Edoardo Croci.
264 1 _aDordrecht :
_bSpringer Netherlands,
_c2005.
300 _aXIV, 395 p.
_bonline resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
490 1 _aEnvironment & Policy,
_x1383-5130 ;
_v43
505 0 _aVoluntary Agreements in Environmental Policy -- The Economics of Environmental Voluntary Agreements -- Corporate Self-Regulation and Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue -- The Poltical Economy of Voluntary Agreements -- Voluntary Agreements in a Rent-Seeking Environment -- Aspects of the Political Economy of Environmental Voluntary Agreements -- The European and the American Approach to Environmental Voluntary Agreements -- The Evolution of Environmental Agreements at the Level of the European Union -- The Use of Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policymaking in the U.S. -- Negotiated Regulation, Implementation and Compliance in the United States -- Design, Negotiation and Implementation of Environmental Voluntary Agreements: National and Sector Approaches -- Efficiency Standards versus Negotiated Agreements in the European Electrical Appliance Sector -- Implementing the Duty of Acceptance in Flemish Waste Policy -- Environmental Voluntary Agreements in Portugal -- Designing Energy Conservation Voluntary Agreements for the Industrial Sector in China: Experience from a Pilot Project with Two Steel Mills in Shandong Province -- Evaluation of Environmental Voluntary Agreements -- On the Assesment of Environmental Voluntary Agreements in Europe -- Environmental Voluntary Agreements in the Dutch Context -- Analysing the Effectiveness of an Environmental Voluntary Agreement: The Case of the Australian National Packaging Covenant -- Towards an Integrated Performance Indicator for (Energy) Benchmarking Covenants with Industry -- Environmental Voluntary Agreements in Policy Mixes -- Environmental Agreements Used in Combination with Other Policy Instruments -- Using the Benchmarking Covenant for Allocating Emission Allowances: Are We Still Moving Ahead?.
520 _aEDOARDOCROCI IEFE - Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy Voluntary approaches in environmental policy represent a “third wave” of regulation in the environmental field. “Command and control” was the first wave. Its core is based on uniform emission standards, the respect of which needs to be enforced through extensive monitoring and severe sanctions. The expected cost of sanction for non-compliance, calculated as its amount multiplied for the probability to be caught, must be superior to the benefits of non-compliance, in order to let the sanction be effective. As the benefits of non-compliance can vary among firms, sanctions need to be very high in order to be effective. In fact sanctions are ordinary correlated to environmental damage and not to the benefits of non-compliance. But very high sanctions can be difficult to enforce as they appear unfair and can lead to dramatic consequences on firms and workers, up to shut-downs of plants. Ambient standards reduce these problems, but oblige the regulator to know a huge amount of information, regarding the specific contribution of each polluter to the polluted body. Information is difficult to obtain because of asymmetric information and costly to produce because it requires large and skilled regulating and enforcing organizations. Nevertheless complex regulation is the base of any environmental policy framework, as it allows the policy maker to fully exercise its power of composition of various interests in a relatively transparent way. Economic instruments were the second wave.
650 0 _aEnvironment.
650 0 _aEnergy industries.
650 0 _aEnvironmental law.
650 0 _aEnvironmental policy.
650 0 _aPollution prevention.
650 0 _aEconomic policy.
650 0 _aEnvironmental economics.
650 1 4 _aEnvironment.
650 2 4 _aEnvironmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice.
650 2 4 _aEnvironmental Economics.
650 2 4 _aEconomic Policy.
650 2 4 _aIndustrial Pollution Prevention.
650 2 4 _aEnergy Economics.
700 1 _aCroci, Edoardo.
_eeditor.
710 2 _aSpringerLink (Online service)
773 0 _tSpringer eBooks
776 0 8 _iPrinted edition:
_z9781402033551
830 0 _aEnvironment & Policy,
_x1383-5130 ;
_v43
856 4 0 _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3356-7
912 _aZDB-2-EES
950 _aEarth and Environmental Science (Springer-11646)
999 _c504251
_d504251