000 03783nam a22004215i 4500
001 978-3-540-32948-0
003 DE-He213
005 20161121230708.0
007 cr nn 008mamaa
008 100301s2006 gw | s |||| 0|eng d
020 _a9783540329480
_9978-3-540-32948-0
024 7 _a10.1007/978-3-540-32948-0
_2doi
050 4 _aR-RZ
072 7 _aMBGR
_2bicssc
072 7 _aMED000000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a610
_223
245 1 0 _aInnervation of the Mammalian Esophagus
_h[electronic resource] /
_cedited by W.L. Neuhuber.
264 1 _aBerlin, Heidelberg :
_bSpringer Berlin Heidelberg,
_c2006.
300 _aX, 76 p. 14 illus.
_bonline resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
490 1 _aAdvances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology,
_x0301-5556 ;
_v185
505 0 _aIntroduction -- Muscle layers of the esophagus -- Materials and Methods. Anterograde WGA-HRP tracing from nodose ganglion. Anterograde DiI tracing from thoracic dorsal root ganglia -- Extrinsic innervation. Vagal innervation -- Spinal innervation. Innervation of esophageal sphincters. Swallowing central pattern generator. Cortical representation of the esophagus in human -- Intrinsic innervation. General organization. Enteric coinnervation -- Functional considerations. General remarks. Cooperation between extrinsic and intrinsic systems -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- Subject Index.
520 _aUnderstanding the innervation of the esophagus is a prerequisite for successful treatment of a variety of disorders, e.g., dysphagia, achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-cardiac chest pain. Although, at first glance, functions of the esophagus are relatively simple, their neuronal control is considerably complex. Vagal motor neurons of the nucleus ambiguus and preganglionic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus innervate striated and smooth muscle, respectively. Myenteric neurons represent the interface between the dorsal motor nucleus and smooth muscle but are also involved in striated muscle innervation. Intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) represent mechanosensory vagal afferent terminals. They also establish intricate connections with enteric neurons. Afferent information is implemented by the swallowing central pattern generator in the brainstem, which generates and coordinates deglutitive activity in both striated and smooth esophageal muscle and orchestrates esophageal sphincters as well as gastric adaptive relaxation. Disturbed excitation/inhibition balance in the lower esophageal sphincter results in motility disorders, e.g., achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Loss of mechanosensory afferents disrupts adaptation of deglutitive motor programs to bolus variables, eventually leading to megaesophagus. Both spinal and vagal afferents appear to contribute to painful sensations, e.g., non-cardiac chest pain. Extrinsic and intrinsic neurons may be involved in intramural reflexes using acetylcholine, nitric oxide, substance P, CGRP and glutamate as main transmitters. In addition, other molecules, e.g., ATP, GABA and probably also inflammatory cytokines may modulate these neuronal functions.
650 0 _aMedicine.
650 1 4 _aBiomedicine.
650 2 4 _aBiomedicine general.
700 1 _aNeuhuber, W.L.
_eeditor.
710 2 _aSpringerLink (Online service)
773 0 _tSpringer eBooks
776 0 8 _iPrinted edition:
_z9783540292050
830 0 _aAdvances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology,
_x0301-5556 ;
_v185
856 4 0 _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32948-0
912 _aZDB-2-SBL
950 _aBiomedical and Life Sciences (Springer-11642)
999 _c502584
_d502584