Mode of access: World Wide Web.

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Part of: Synthesis digital library of engineering and computer science.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-129) and index.

1. Introduction --

2. Background -- 2.1 Part-of-speech tagging -- 2.2 Morphological analysis -- 2.3 Syntactic and dependency parsing -- 2.4 Semantic parsing -- 2.5 Question answering -- 2.6 Dialog system --

3. Natural language data management -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Data sources -- 3.3 Data models -- 3.3.1 Interpreting context as schema -- 3.3.2 Mapping content to more formal models -- 3.4 Queries -- 3.4.1 Boolean keyword queries -- 3.4.2 Grammar-based searches -- 3.4.3 Text pattern queries -- 3.4.4 Tree pattern queries -- 3.4.5 Combining text and tree pattern queries -- 3.4.6 Summary -- 3.5 Indexing natural language text -- 3.5.1 Indexing for text pattern queries -- 3.5.2 Indexing for tree pattern queries -- 3.5.3 Summary -- 3.6 Transforming natural language text -- 3.6.1 Meaning Representation -- 3.6.2 Meaning of words -- 3.6.3 Computing word semantics -- 3.6.4 Meaning of sentences -- 3.6.5 Information extraction -- 3.6.6 Entity linking -- 3.6.7 Summary and discussions -- 3.7 Summary --

4. Natural language interfaces to databases -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.1.1 Anatomy -- 4.1.2 Challenges -- 4.1.3 Summary -- 4.2 Query understanding -- 4.2.1 Scope -- 4.2.2 Stateless vs. stateful -- 4.2.3 Parser error handling -- 4.3 Query translation -- 4.3.1 Bridging the semantic gap -- 4.3.2 Query construction -- 4.4 User interactions -- 4.4.1 Design considerations -- 4.4.2 User interaction models -- 4.4.3 Stateless vs. stateful -- 4.5 Notable systems -- 4.5.1 PRECISE -- 4.5.2 NLPQC -- 4.5.3 NaLIX -- 4.5.4 FREyA -- 4.5.5 NaLIR -- 4.5.6 NL2CM -- 4.5.7 ATHANA -- 4.5.8 SQLizer -- 4.5.9 Seq2SQL -- 4.5.10 Summary -- 4.6 Relationship to other areas -- 4.6.1 Relationship to question answering -- 4.6.2 Relationship to semantic parsing -- 4.7 Summary --

5. Open challenges and opportunities -- 5.1 Resolving references -- 5.2 Understanding natural language text and queries -- 5.3 Mobile natural language data management -- 5.4 Multilingual/cross-lingual support -- 5.5 Evaluation --

6. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Authors' biographies -- Index.

Abstract freely available; full-text restricted to subscribers or individual document purchasers.

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The volume of natural language text data has been rapidly increasing over the past two decades, due to factors such as the growth of the Web, the low cost associated with publishing, and the progress on the digitization of printed texts. This growth combined with the proliferation of natural language systems for search and retrieving information provides tremendous opportunities for studying some of the areas where database systems and natural language processing systems overlap. This book explores two interrelated and important areas of overlap: (1) managing natural language data and (2) developing natural language interfaces to databases. It presents relevant concepts and research questions, state-of-the-art methods, related systems, and research opportunities and challenges covering both areas. Relevant topics discussed on natural language data management include data models, data sources, queries, storage and indexing, and transforming natural language text. Under natural language interfaces, it presents the anatomy of these interfaces to databases, the challenges related to query understanding and query translation, and relevant aspects of user interactions. Each of the challenges is covered in a systematic way: first starting with a quick overview of the topics, followed by a comprehensive view of recent techniques that have been proposed to address the challenge along with illustrative examples. It also reviews some notable systems in details in terms of how they address different challenges and their contributions. Finally, it discusses open challenges and opportunities for natural language management and interfaces. The goal of this book is to provide an introduction to the methods, problems, and solutions that are used in managing natural language data and building natural language interfaces to databases. It serves as a starting point for readers who are interested in pursuing additional work on these exciting topics in both academic and industrial environments.

Also available in print.

Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 29, 2018).