General -- Clinical relevance -- Drug-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit -- Renal handling of drugs and xenobiotics -- Pharmacological aspects of nephrotoxicity -- Pharmacovigilance: from signal to action -- Urinary biomarkers and nephrotoxicity -- Toxin-induced immunological renal disease -- Cellular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity -- Animal models for the assessment of acute renal dysfunction and injury -- Renal cell culture models: Contribution to the understanding of nephrotoxic mechanisms -- Use of dialytic therapies for poisoning -- Specific Drugs -- Aminoglycosides and vancomycin -- Beta-lactam antibiotics -- Amphotericin B -- Sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, pyrimethamine, dapsone, quinolones -- Antiviral agents -- Analgesics and 5-aminosalicylic acid -- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- Gold salts, D-penicillamine and allopurinol -- Angiotensin I convert ing enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists -- Diuretics and alcohol ingestion -- Anticancer drugs -- Anesthetic agents -- Bisphosphonates and the kidney -- Proton pump inhibitors: acute interstitial nephritis and other renal effects -- Oral sodium phosphate bowel purgatives and acute phosphate nephropathy -- Illicit drug abuse and renal disease -- Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors -- Immunomodulators: interleukins, interferons, and IV immunoglobulin -- Imaging agents -- Lithium-associated kidney effects -- Oxalate -- Herbal remedies containing aristolochic acid and mushroom nephrotoxicity -- Environmental and Occupational Nephrotoxins -- Lead nephropathy -- Cadmium-induced renal effects -- Mercury-induced renal effects -- Organic solvents, silicon-containing compounds and pesticides -- Balkan nephropathy -- Nephrotoxins in Africa -- Paraphenylene diamine hair dye poisoning -- The Renal Failure Patient -- Trace metal disturbances in end-stage renal failure patients -- Smoking and the kidney -- Star fruit -- Drug dosage in renal failure.

Clinical Nephrotoxins: Renal Injury from Drugs and Chemicals is a comprehensive handbook on all aspects of adverse effects by drugs and chemical substances on the kidneys. The importance of the toxicity of drugs and other substances for the kidneys is increasingly recognized. The first, general part deals with themes as clinical relevance, renal handling, pharmacovigilance, urinary biomarkers, pharmacological, immunological and cellular aspects of nephrotoxicity, as well as animal and cell culture models. The second part includes the specific drugs; the third part gives the description of environmental and occupational nephrotoxins. The last part deals with the patient with some degree of renal failure, exposed to drugs and chemicals, the progression of renal disease, and how to adapt drug dosage. In this third and completely revised edition, nine new chapters were added, from proton pump inhibitors to bisphosphonates, phosphate containing laxatives, oxalate, star fruit and smoking. All chapters were extended with up-to-date references. The book is of interest for the nephrologist, internist, general practitioner, toxicologist, pharmacologist, anesthesiologist, epidemiologist, public health official, pharmaceutical industry, and national drug safety committees, among others.