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08261nam a2200673 i 4500 |
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6812786 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
IEEE |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20200413152911.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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m eo d |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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cr cn |||m|||a |
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130814s2013 caua foab 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9781598298352 (electronic bk.) |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| Canceled/invalid ISBN |
9781598298345 (pbk.) |
| 024 7# - OTHER STANDARD IDENTIFIER |
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| Standard number or code |
10.2200/S00509ED1V01Y201305HLT023 |
| Source of number or code |
doi |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER |
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| System control number |
(CaBNVSL)swl00402649 |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER |
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| System control number |
(OCoLC)855857864 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
CaBNVSL |
| Transcribing agency |
CaBNVSL |
| Modifying agency |
CaBNVSL |
| 050 #4 - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER |
|---|
| Classification number |
QA76.9.N38 |
| Item number |
R437 2013 |
| 082 04 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
006.35 |
| Edition number |
23 |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
|
| Local cutter number (OCLC) ; Book number/undivided call number, CALL (RLIN) |
MoCl |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Recognizing textual entailment |
| Medium |
[electronic resource] : |
| Remainder of title |
models and applications / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Ido Dagan ... [et al.]. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
Morgan & Claypool, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
c2013. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
1 electronic text (xx, 200 p.) : |
| Other physical details |
ill., digital file. |
| 490 1# - SERIES STATEMENT |
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| Series statement |
Synthesis lectures on human language technologies, |
| International Standard Serial Number |
1947-4059 ; |
| Volume/sequential designation |
# 23 |
| 538 ## - SYSTEM DETAILS NOTE |
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| System details note |
Mode of access: World Wide Web. |
| 538 ## - SYSTEM DETAILS NOTE |
|---|
| System details note |
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Part of: Synthesis digital library of engineering and computer science. |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Series from website. |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-197). |
| 505 0# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
1. Textual entailment -- 1.1 Motivation and rationale -- 1.2 The recognizing textual entailment task -- 1.2.1 The scope of textual entailment -- 1.2.2 The role of background knowledge -- 1.2.3 Textual entailment versus linguistic notion of entailment -- 1.2.4 Extending entailment recognition with contradiction detection -- 1.2.5 The challenge and opportunity of RTE -- 1.3 Applications of textual entailment solutions -- 1.3.1 Question answering -- 1.3.2 Relation extraction -- 1.3.3 Text summarization -- 1.3.4 Additional applications -- 1.4 Textual entailment evaluation -- 1.4.1 RTE-1 through RTE-5 -- 1.4.2 RTE-6 and RTE-7 -- 1.4.3 Other evaluations of textual entailment technology -- 1.4.4 Future directions for entailment evaluation -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
2. Architectures and approaches -- 2.1 An intuitive model for RTE -- 2.2 Levels of representation in RTE systems -- 2.2.1 Lexical-level RTE -- 2.2.2 Structured representations for RTE -- 2.3 Inference in RTE systems -- 2.3.1 Similarity-based approaches -- 2.3.2 Alignment-focused approaches -- 2.3.3 "Proof Theoretic" RTE -- 2.3.4 Hybrid approaches -- 2.4 A conceptual architecture for RTE systems -- 2.4.1 Preprocessing -- 2.4.2 Enrichment -- 2.4.3 Candidate alignment generation -- 2.4.4 Alignment selection -- 2.4.5 Classification -- 2.4.6 Main decision-making approaches -- 2.5 Emergent challenges -- 2.5.1 Knowledge acquisition bottleneck: acquiring rules -- 2.5.2 Noise-tolerant RTE architectures -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
3. Alignment, classification, and learning -- 3.1 An abstract scheme for textual entailment decisions -- 3.2 Generating candidates and selecting alignments -- 3.2.1 Anchors: linking texts and hypotheses -- 3.2.2 Formalizing candidate alignment generation and alignment -- 3.3 Classifiers, feature spaces, and machine learning -- 3.4 Similarity feature spaces -- 3.4.1 Token-level similarity features -- 3.4.2 Structured similarity features -- 3.4.3 Entailment trigger feature spaces -- 3.4.4 Rewrite rule feature spaces -- 3.4.5 Discussion -- 3.5 Learning alignment functions -- 3.5.1 Learning alignment from gold-standard data -- 3.5.2 Learning entailment with a latent alignment -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
4. Case studies -- 4.1 Edit distance-based RTE -- 4.1.1 Open source tree edit-based RTE system -- 4.1.2 Tree edit distance with expanded edit types -- 4.2 Logical representation and inference -- 4.2.1 Representation -- 4.2.2 Logical inference with abduction -- 4.2.3 Logical inference with shallow backoff system -- 4.3 Transformation-based approaches -- 4.3.1 Transformation-based approach with integer linear programming -- 4.3.2 Syntactic transformation with linguistically motivated rules -- 4.3.3 Syntactic transformation with a probabilistic calculus -- 4.3.4 Syntactic transformation with learned operation costs -- 4.3.5 Natural logic -- 4.4 Alignment-focused approaches -- 4.4.1 Learning alignment selection independently of entailment -- 4.4.2 Hand-coded alignment function -- 4.4.3 Leveraging multiple alignments for RTE -- 4.4.4 Aligning discourse commitments -- 4.4.5 Latent alignment inference for RTE -- 4.5 Paired similarity approaches -- 4.6 Ensemble systems -- 4.6.1 Weighted expert approach -- 4.6.2 Selective expert approach -- 4.7 Discussion -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
5. Knowledge acquisition for textual entailment -- 5.1 Scope of target knowledge -- 5.2 Acquisition from manually constructed knowledge resources -- 5.2.1 Mining computation-oriented knowledge resources -- 5.2.2 Mining human-oriented knowledge resources -- 5.3 Corpus-based knowledge acquisition -- 5.3.1 Distributional similarity methods -- 5.3.2 Co-occurrence-based methods -- 5.3.3 Acquisition from parallel and comparable corpora -- 5.4 Integrating multiple sources of evidence -- 5.4.1 Integrating multiple information sources -- 5.4.2 Simultaneous global learning of multiple rules -- 5.5 Context sensitivity of entailment rules -- 5.6 Concluding remarks and future directions -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
6. Research directions in RTE -- 6.1 Development of better/more flexible preprocessing tool chain -- 6.2 Knowledge acquisition and specification -- 6.3 Open source platform for textual entailment -- 6.4 Task elaboration and phenomenon-specific RTE resources -- 6.5 Learning and inference: efficient, scalable algorithms -- 6.6 Conclusion -- |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
A. Entailment phenomena -- Bibliography -- Authors' biographies. |
| 506 1# - RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS NOTE |
|---|
| Terms governing access |
Abstract freely available; full-text restricted to subscribers or individual document purchasers. |
| 510 0# - CITATION/REFERENCES NOTE |
|---|
| Name of source |
Compendex |
| 510 0# - CITATION/REFERENCES NOTE |
|---|
| Name of source |
INSPEC |
| 510 0# - CITATION/REFERENCES NOTE |
|---|
| Name of source |
Google scholar |
| 510 0# - CITATION/REFERENCES NOTE |
|---|
| Name of source |
Google book search |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
In the last few years, a number of NLP researchers have developed and participated in the task of Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE). This task encapsulates Natural Language Understanding capabilities within a very simple interface: recognizing when the meaning of a text snippet is contained in the meaning of a second piece of text. This simple abstraction of an exceedingly complex problem has broad appeal partly because it can be conceived also as a component in other NLP applications, from Machine Translation to Semantic Search to Information Extraction. It also avoids commitment to any specific meaning representation and reasoning framework, broadening its appeal within the research community. This level of abstraction also facilitates evaluation, a crucial component of any technological advancement program. This book explains the RTE task formulation adopted by the NLP research community, and gives a clear overview of research in this area. It draws out commonalities in this research, detailing the intuitions behind dominant approaches and their theoretical underpinnings. This book has been written with a wide audience in mind, but is intended to inform all readers about the state of the art in this fascinating field, to give a clear understanding of the principles underlying RTE research to date, and to highlight the short- and long-term research goals that will advance this technology. |
| 530 ## - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM AVAILABLE NOTE |
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| Additional physical form available note |
Also available in print. |
| 588 ## - SOURCE OF DESCRIPTION NOTE |
|---|
| Source of description note |
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on August 14, 2013). |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Natural language processing (Computer science) |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Entailment (Logic) |
| General subdivision |
Computer programs. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Knowledge acquisition (Expert systems) |
| 653 ## - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
|---|
| Uncontrolled term |
natural language processing |
| 653 ## - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
|---|
| Uncontrolled term |
textual entailment |
| 653 ## - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
|---|
| Uncontrolled term |
textual inference |
| 653 ## - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
|---|
| Uncontrolled term |
knowledge acquisition |
| 653 ## - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
|---|
| Uncontrolled term |
machine learning |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Dagan, Ido. |
| 776 08 - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM ENTRY |
|---|
| Relationship information |
Print version: |
| International Standard Book Number |
9781598298345 |
| 830 #0 - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE |
|---|
| Uniform title |
Synthesis digital library of engineering and computer science. |
| 830 #0 - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE |
|---|
| Uniform title |
Synthesis lectures on human language technologies ; |
| Volume/sequential designation |
# 23. |
| International Standard Serial Number |
1947-4059 |
| 856 42 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Materials specified |
Abstract with links to resource |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?bknumber=6812786 |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Materials specified |
Abstract with links to full text |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/S00509ED1V01Y201305HLT023 |
